UPSC - CSE · General Studies III
Economy
Dairy and poultry in India's farm economy, with the 1991 reforms, solar power and energy storage, ATMs and railway zones.
- 42 articles
- 4 topic areas
- Last updated Nov 2026
Nation-Building Land Reforms in India, the Green Revolution and the White Revolution
Land reforms in India after 1947 changed who owned the land; the Green Revolution and Operation Flood changed what it produced and who earned from milk.
Silver Revolution Poultry Manure: Fertiliser Value, Waste Management and Sustainable Poultry Farming
Poultry manure, the droppings and litter of farm birds, can fertilise fields and fuel biogas plants, but handled badly it pollutes air and water.
Silver Revolution Poultry Industry in India: Structure, Companies, Exports and Global Rank
India's poultry industry produced 149.11 billion eggs in 2024‑25. Integrator companies run most of it through contract farming; exports remain small.
Silver Revolution Problems of Poultry Farming in India: Feed, Prices, Disease and Regional Gaps
The problems of poultry farming in India range from costly maize feed and price swings to bird flu, antibiotic misuse, one-buyer contracts and credit gaps.
Silver Revolution Poultry Diseases in India: Bird Flu, Ranikhet, Marek's Disease and Biosecurity
Poultry diseases in India, from avian influenza and Ranikhet to Marek's disease, are controlled by vaccines and biosecurity, with culling for bird flu.
Silver Revolution Poultry Farming in India: Types, Farming Systems and Government Schemes
Poultry farming in India covers backyard and commercial farms, systems from free range to cages, integrated farming and the schemes that support it.
Silver Revolution Importance of Poultry Farming for India's Economy, Nutrition and Society
The importance of poultry farming in India lies in its share of livestock output, eggs as quality protein and jobs for small farmers and women.
Silver Revolution Hatchery, Poultry Feed and the Technology Behind Indian Poultry
Hatchery meaning and how poultry hatcheries work, incubation period of chicken eggs, poultry feed types, housing technology and antibiotic resistance.
Silver Revolution Difference Between Broiler and Layer, and Egg and Meat Production in India
Difference between broiler and layer chickens explained: life cycles, feed, housing, egg production in India, yields, breeds and poultry nitrogen.
Silver Revolution Highest Egg Producing State in India and the State Geography of Poultry
Highest egg producing state in India and the top egg states, poultry population and poultry meat by state, the Namakkal egg cluster and contract farming.
Silver Revolution Silver Revolution in India: Meaning, History and Features of Poultry Growth
The Silver Revolution, the fast growth of egg and poultry output, made India the world's second-largest egg producer through better birds and hatcheries.
Green Revolution Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) and Agricultural Policy in India
Farmer producer organisations (FPOs) for UPSC: GR 2.0 policy architecture and FPO vehicle via the 10,000 FPO Scheme 2020, NMSA, PM‑KUSUM, NFSM, PMFBY and KCC.
Green Revolution Precision, Digital and Biofortified Agriculture
Precision and digital agriculture for UPSC: precision farming, AgriStack digital agriculture, and biofortified crops like Golden Rice and Dhanashakti pearl millet.
Green Revolution Climate-Smart Agriculture in India: NICRA and the FAO Pillars
Climate-Smart Agriculture for UPSC: FAO three pillars, NICRA by ICAR‑CRIDA, climate-resilient varieties, CCAFS, GACSA, and India's monsoon adaptation.
Green Revolution Natural and Organic Farming in India: ZBNF, PKVY and Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture for UPSC: conservation farming, NPOP organic under APEDA, PKVY, and natural-farming models SPNF, BPKP and APCNF.
Green Revolution Green Revolution 2.0: Meaning, Need and Features
Green Revolution 2.0 for UPSC: productivity-to-sustainability pivot, four drivers, GR 1.0 vs 2.0 comparison, six objectives, and the Evergreen Revolution.
Green Revolution Negative Impact of the Green Revolution: Social, Economic and Environmental Effects
Negative impact of the Green Revolution for UPSC: socio-economic and environmental critique of GR 1.0, groundwater depletion, stubble burning, and the bridge to GR 2.0.
Green Revolution Impact of the Green Revolution in India: Institutions and Regional Effects
Impact of the Green Revolution in India for UPSC: FCI, CACP/MSP and NABARD credit; why the Punjab-Haryana wheat belt led while eastern India and dryland regions…
Green Revolution Green Revolution Technological Package
Green Revolution technological package for UPSC: HYV seeds, fertilisers, irrigation, mechanisation, and credit as one integrated farm input system in India.
Green Revolution Origins of the Green Revolution: Norman Borlaug, M. S. Swaminathan and HYV Seeds
Origins of the Green Revolution for UPSC: Borlaug's CIMMYT dwarf wheat, IRRI's IR8 rice, Swaminathan's IARI adaptation, and India's 1966 HYV Programme launch.
Green Revolution Indian Agriculture Before the Green Revolution: Famines, PL‑480 and the Food Crisis
Indian agriculture before the Green Revolution for UPSC: India's pre-1966 food crisis, the Bengal famine, PL‑480 wheat imports, the Bihar drought, and the seed-fertiliser pivot.
Indian Agriculture Colour Revolutions in Indian Agriculture, Rural Economy and Farming Models
Indian agriculture colour revolutions for UPSC: Green, White, Blue, Yellow plus NABARD rural credit, agrarian distress, FPOs and contemporary farm models.
Indian Agriculture Dryland Farming in India: Meaning and Examples
Dryland farming and sustainable agriculture for UPSC: rainfed crops, ICAR‑CRIDA, NMSA, NICRA 2011, NPOP organic farming, Sikkim, ZBNF and climate change.
Indian Agriculture Agricultural Marketing in India: APMC, Land Reforms and Farm Policies
Agricultural marketing in India for UPSC: APMC mandis, MSP regime, CACP, FCI procurement, land reforms from zamindari abolition to land ceiling, plus PM‑KISAN.
Indian Agriculture Indian Agriculture: Inputs, Technology and Productivity
Indian agriculture inputs for UPSC: HYV seeds, SRR, NPK 4:2:1 imbalance, Soil Health Card 2015, Kisan Credit Card 1998, and the per-hectare yield gap.
Indian Agriculture Irrigation in India: Sources, PMKSY, Problems
Irrigation in India for UPSC: canal, tube-well (largest, ~65%), tank sources; PMKSY 2015 four components; groundwater depletion, waterlogging and disputes.
Indian Agriculture Horticulture, Livestock and Fisheries in India
Horticulture, livestock and fisheries for UPSC: India allied agricultural sectors, MIDH, 20th Livestock Census, DAHD, PMMSY, NFDB and the Blue Revolution.
Indian Agriculture Plantation Crops in India: Tea, Coffee, Rubber
Plantation crops for UPSC: tea (Assam), coffee (Karnataka, Arabica vs Robusta), rubber (Kerala) and their statutory Tea, Coffee and Rubber Boards explained.
Indian Agriculture Commercial Crops in India: Cotton, Sugarcane, Jute
Cotton, sugarcane, oilseeds, and jute for UPSC: black-soil cotton, sugarcane FRP, Yellow Revolution oilseeds, and jute, the golden fibre of the delta.
Indian Agriculture Millets and Pulses in India: Crops and States
Millets and pulses for UPSC: jowar, bajra, ragi and gram, tur as dryland nutri-cereals and protein crops; covers IYM 2023, Shri Anna and NFSM Pulses.
Indian Agriculture Rice and Wheat Production in India: States, Cultivation and MSP
Rice and wheat production in India runs through two seasons, kharif rice and rabi wheat, often on one field, with both bought at MSP for the…
Indian Agriculture Cropping Seasons in India: Kharif, Rabi, Zaid and Agricultural Regions
Cropping seasons in India for UPSC: agro-climatic regions, the three cropping seasons (Kharif, Rabi, Zaid), farming systems, and cropping-pattern change.
Indian Agriculture Indian Agriculture: Land Use and Physical Factors
Indian agriculture, land use and physical factors for UPSC: land-use categories, net sown area, cropping intensity and the relief, climate, soil, water determinants.
White Revolution Dairy Methane and Animal Welfare in India: Climate-Resilient Dairy
Dairy methane and animal welfare in India for UPSC: animal welfare under the PCA Act 1960, livestock methane, indigenous cattle breeds, and climate-resilient dairy in India.
White Revolution India's Dairy Economy and White Revolution 2.0: National Dairy Plan
India's dairy economy for UPSC: world's largest milk producer, the National Dairy Plan, White Revolution 2.0, cooperatives and the productivity gap.
White Revolution Operation Flood Phases 1, 2 and 3 and the Amul Model
Operation Flood, run by NDDB from 1970 to 1996, built India's White Revolution in three phases on the Amul model of farmer-owned dairy cooperatives.
White Revolution White Revolution in India: Amul, Kurien and NDDB
White Revolution in India explained for UPSC: how the 1946 Amul cooperative at Anand, Verghese Kurien, and the NDDB founding built the world's largest milk economy.
India's Solar Power and the Energy Storage Challenge
Solar power and energy storage in India for UPSC: capacity growth, solar parks, the duck curve, curtailment, storage options, and the 2030 non-fossil target.
Types of ATM in India: White Label, Brown Label, On-Site and Off-Site ATMs
The types of ATM in India follow ownership (bank, white label, brown label), location and function; NPCI links them and the RBI sets the charges.
Railway Zones in India: List of 18 Zones, Headquarters and Divisions
Railway zones in India: The list of all 18 zones with headquarters and divisions, a zones map, the new South Coast Railway zone and freight corridors.
Liberalisation in India: Meaning, the 1991 Reforms, Key Measures and Effects on the Economy
Liberalisation in India explained: meaning, the 1991 crisis and New Economic Policy, industrial, financial, tax and trade reforms, and their effects.
Gas Hydrates (Methane Hydrate): Formation, Reserves in India, Extraction and Climate Risk
Methane hydrate, or fire ice, is methane caged in ice under the seafloor and in permafrost. India has large deposits, but none is commercially produced.
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