UPSC - CSE · General Studies III
Environment and Ecology
Global warming with its causes, effects and control, and gas hydrates with their formation, reserves and climate risks.
- 11 articles
- 3 topic areas
- Last updated Nov 2026
Nation-Building Development versus Ecology: Environmental Movements
The environmental movements of independent India: the Bishnoi, Chipko, Silent Valley, the Narmada Bachao Andolan, the green laws and the ecology debate.
Biodiversity Hotspots Biodiversity Conservation in India: In Situ and Ex Situ Methods, Laws and Conventions
Biodiversity conservation explained: in situ and ex situ methods, biosphere reserves, the Wildlife and Biological Diversity Acts, CBD, Ramsar and CITES.
Biodiversity Hotspots Sundaland Hotspot in India, Nicobar Islands and Biogeographic Zones
Why the Sundaland hotspot in India covers only the Nicobar Islands, with their wildlife, the Great Nicobar project and India's ten biogeographic zones.
Biodiversity Hotspots Gadgil and Kasturirangan Reports: Western Ghats ESZ
Western Ghats threats and ESZ debate for UPSC: Gadgil 2011 vs Kasturirangan 2013, state-level pushback, Wayanad 2024 landslide, way forward.
Biodiversity Hotspots Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot
The Western Ghats run 1,600 km through six States and, with Sri Lanka, form one biodiversity hotspot rich in endemic plants, frogs, fishes and mammals.
Biodiversity Hotspots Indo-Burma Hotspot: Region, North-East India, Species and Threats
The Indo-Burma hotspot runs from north-east India to Vietnam; it is rich in species found nowhere else, yet only 5 per cent of its vegetation survives.
Biodiversity Hotspots Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot: Extent, Endemism, Threats
Himalayan Biodiversity Hotspot for UPSC: Eastern and Western Himalaya extent, altitudinal zonation, endemic flora, snow leopard, and climate-change threats.
Biodiversity Hotspots Biodiversity Hotspots in India and the World
Biodiversity hotspots are regions rich in endemic plants that have lost most of their vegetation; the world has 36, and India shares four of them.
Biodiversity Hotspots Biodiversity: Levels, India's Status and BD Act 2002
Biodiversity for UPSC: four levels (genetic, species, ecosystem, functional), endemic and keystone species, India mega-diverse status, BD Act 2002.
Global Warming: Meaning, Causes, Effects and Control Measures
Global warming is the human-driven rise in Earth's temperature, caused by greenhouse gases and met by a global response from Kyoto to Paris.
Gas Hydrates (Methane Hydrate): Formation, Reserves in India, Extraction and Climate Risk
Methane hydrate, or fire ice, is methane caged in ice under the seafloor and in permafrost. India has large deposits, but none is commercially produced.
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